OPTYCAL is an innovative, water-soluble calcium activator for foliar application, improving the size, quality and storage properties of the crop. It ensures optimal supply of calcium at low doses.
OPTYCAL was developed using INT Technology which makes this activator particularly effective.
Watch the video about INT Technology.
OPTYCAL supplies the plant with calcium in two ways:
OPTYCAL increases calcium content of the plant, and thereby improves fruit quality and storage properties.
Additional benefits of activator OPTYCAL are:
| Nutrients | Content [g/l] | Content [% by mass] |
| Calcium oxide (CaO) | 350 | 35.0 |
| Formate | 560 | 56.0 |
| Boron (B) | 1 | 0.100 |
| Copper (Cu) chelated by EDTA | 0.5 | 0.050 |
| Iron (Fe) chelated by EDTA | 1.5 | 0.150 |
| Manganese (Mn) chelated by EDTA | 0.7 | 0.070 |
| Molybdenum (Mo) | 0.02 | 0.002 |
| Zinc (Zn) chelated EDTA | 2 | 0.200 |
| OPTYCAL features INT Technology, which significantly improves the speed and effectiveness of uptake, distribution and absorption of nutrients and stimulating substances by plants. These effects are obtained due to properly developed organic components. | ||
OPTYCAL as a calcium activator is one of the elements of the strategy to support the natural resistance of plants STRESS CONTROL SYSTEM (SCS).
FOLIAR SPRAYS
OPTYCAL is intended for foliar application in the form of an aqueous solution. OPTYCAL can be used together with other agrochemicals after conducting a miscibility test.
Detailed recommendations for foliar application are presented in the table below. You can also use the search engine and quickly find the dose rate and time of foliar application for your crop. Select your crop
Recommendations for foliar application for selected crops.
The recommendations may be modified taking into account the plants' requirements and growing conditions.
| WHEAT – winter wheat Application times (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): |
|
| ◇ Autumn: 3–6 leaves unfolded | 1.5 kg/ha |
| ◇ Spring: tillering | 1.5 kg/ha |
| WHEAT – spring wheat Application times (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): |
|
| ◇ leaf development – tillering | 1.5 kg/ha |
| TRITICALE – winter triticale Application times (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): |
|
|
◇ Autumn: 3–6 leaves unfolded |
1.5 kg/ha |
|
◇ Spring: continuation of tillering |
1.5 kg/ha |
| TRITICALE – spring triticale Application times (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): |
|
| ◇ leaf development – tillering | 1.5 kg/ha |
| BARLEY winter feed barley Application times (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): |
|
|
◇ Autumn: leaf development – until beginning of tillering |
1.5 kg/ha |
|
◇ Spring: beginning of stem elongation |
1.5 kg/ha |
| BARLEY spring feed barley Application times (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): |
|
| ◇ leaf development – until beginning of stem elongation | 1.5 kg/ha |
| BARLEY - winter malt barley Application times (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): |
|
|
◇ Autumn: leaf development – until beginning of tillering |
1.5 kg/ha |
|
◇ Spring: beginning of stem elongation |
1.5 kg/ha |
| BARLEY - spring malt barley Application times (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): |
|
| ◇ leaf development – until beginning of stem elongation | 1.5 kg/ha |
| RYE Application times (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): |
|
|
◇ tillering (BBCH 21–29) |
1.5 kg/ha |
| ◆ beginning of stem elongation (BBCH 30–32) | 1.5 kg/ha |
| ◇ beginning of panicle emergence (BBCH 51–53) | 1.5 kg/ha |
| COTTON Application times (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): |
|
|
◇ beginning of side shoots formation |
1.5 kg/ha |
| ◆ beginning of flower bud development | 1.5 kg/ha |
| ◆ beginning of flowering | 1.5 kg/ha |
| ◆ beginning of bolls development | 1.5 kg/ha |
| OILSEED RAPE - winter oilseed rape Application times (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): |
|
|
◇ Autumn: 4–8 leaves unfolded |
1.5 kg/ha |
|
◇ Spring: beginning of main stem elongation |
1.5 kg/ha |
| OILSEED RAPE - spring oilseed rape Application times (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): |
|
| ◇ leaf development – until beginning of main stem elongation | 1.5 kg/ha |
| SUNFLOWER Application times (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): |
|
| ◇ 2–3 pairs of leaves (BBCH 14–16) | 1.5 kg/ha |
| ◆ stem elongation until inflorescence emergence (BBCH 30–53) | 1.5 kg/ha |
| FLAX Application times (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): |
|
| ◇ 2 leaf pairs unfolded until flax reaches height of 18 cm (BBCH 12–19) | 1.5 kg/ha |
| ◆ stem growth until bud formation (BBCH 30–55) | 1.5 kg/ha |
| RICE Application times (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): |
|
| ◇ leaf development – tillering | 1.5 kg/ha |
| ◆ beginning of stem formation | 1.5 kg/ha |
| ◇ beginning of panicle emergence | 1.5 kg/ha |
| MAIZE Application times (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): |
|
| ◇ 2–6 leaves unfolded (4 leaves is the optimum stage for treatment) | 1.5 kg/ha |
| ◇ 7–8 leaves unfolded | 1.5 kg/ha |
| SUGAR BEET Application times (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): |
|
| ◇ beginning of leaf development | 1.5 kg/ha |
|
◆ beginning of crop cover |
1.5 kg/ha |
| ◆ beginning of storage root development | 1.5 kg/ha |
| POTATO harvested when fully ripe Application times (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): |
|
| ◇ beginning of growth of shoots and leaves (plant height about 10 cm) | 1.5 kg/ha |
| ◇ growth of shoots and leaves (plant height ˃15 cm) | 1.5 kg/ha |
| ◇ beginning of tuber formation | 1.5 kg/ha |
| SOYBEAN Application times (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): |
|
| ◆ beginning of growth of shoots | 1–1.5 kg/ha |
| ◇ beginning of flower bud development | 1–1.5 kg/ha |
|
PEA – COMMON PEA (GARDEN PEA) |
|
| ◆ beginning of growth of shoots | 1–1.5 kg/ha |
| ◇ beginning of flower bud development | 1–1.5 kg/ha |
| BEAN – COMMON BEAN, RUNNER BEAN Application times (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): |
|
| ◆ beginning of growth of shoots | 1–1.5 kg/ha |
| ◇ beginning of flower bud development | 1–1.5 kg/ha |
|
BEAN – BROAD BEAN (FAVA BEAN) |
|
| ◆ beginning of growth of shoots | 1–1.5 kg/ha |
| ◇ beginning of flower bud development | 1–1.5 kg/ha |
| BEAN – FIELD BEAN (HORSE BEAN) Application times (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): |
|
| ◆ beginning of growth of shoots | 1–1.5 kg/ha |
| ◇ beginning of flower bud development | 1–1.5 kg/ha |
| LENTIL Application times (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): |
|
| ◆ beginning of growth of shoots | 1–1.5 kg/ha |
| ◇ beginning of flower bud development | 1–1.5 kg/ha |
| CHICKPEA (GARBANZO) Application times (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): |
|
| ◆ beginning of growth of shoots | 1–1.5 kg/ha |
| ◇ beginning of flower bud development | 1–1.5 kg/ha |
| PEANUT (GROUNDNUT) Application times (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): |
|
| ◆ beginning of growth of shoots | 1–1.5 kg/ha |
| ◇ beginning of flower bud development | 1–1.5 kg/ha |
| LUPINE Application times (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): |
|
| ◆ beginning of growth of shoots | 1–1.5 kg/ha |
| ◇ beginning of flower bud development | 1–1.5 kg/ha |
| SORGHUM Application times (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): |
|
| ◇ 4–6 leaves (BBCH 14–16) | 1.5 kg/ha |
| ◆ leaf development until beginning of stem elongation (BBCH 19–31) | 1.5 kg/ha |
| SUGAR CANE Application times (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): |
|
| ◇ 4–6 leaves (BBCH 14–16) | 1.5 kg/ha |
| ◆ stem elongation (BBCH 31–33) | 1.5 kg/ha |
| ◇ stem elongation until beginning of tassel development (BBCH 35–51) | 1.5 kg/ha |
| APPLE – orchards without fertigation – fruiting orchard Application times (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): |
|
| ◆ beginning of flowering | 1.5 kg/ha |
| ◆ end of flowering: majority of petals fallen | 1.5 kg/ha |
| ◇ beginning of fruit development | 1.5 kg/ha |
| ◇/◆ fruit reaches 30–50% of typical size The treatment should be considered as optimal when plants are grown on soils rich in calcium. |
1.5 kg/ha |
| APPLE – fertigated orchards – fruiting orchard Application times (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): |
|
| ◆ beginning of flowering | 1.5 kg/ha |
| ◆ end of flowering: majority of petals fallen | 1.5 kg/ha |
| PEAR – orchards without fertigation – fruiting orchard Application times (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): |
|
| ◆ beginning of flowering | 1.5 kg/ha |
| ◆ end of flowering: majority of petals fallen | 1.5 kg/ha |
| ◇ beginning of fruit development | 1.5 kg/ha |
| ◇/◆ fruit reaches 30–50% of typical size The treatment should be considered as optimal when plants are grown on soils rich in calcium. |
1.5 kg/ha |
| CHERRY (SWEET CHERRY TREE) – orchards without fertigation– fruiting orchard Application times (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): |
|
| ◆ beginning of flowering | 1.5 kg/ha |
| ◆ end of flowering / beginning of leaf development | 1.5 kg/ha |
| ◇ the fruit reaches about half of final size | 1.5 kg/ha |
| CHERRY (SWEET CHERRY TREE) – fertigated orchards – fruiting orchard Application times (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): |
|
| ◆ beginning of flowering | 1.5 kg/ha |
| ◆ end of flowering / beginning of leaf development | 1.5 kg/ha |
|
CHERRY (SOUR CHERRY TREE) – orchards without fertigation – fruiting orchard |
|
| ◆ beginning of flowering | 1.5 kg/ha |
| ◆ end of flowering / beginning of leaf development | 1.5 kg/ha |
| ◇ the fruit reaches about half of final size | 1.5 kg/ha |
| APRICOT TREE – orchards without fertigation – fruiting orchard Application times (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): |
|
| ◆ beginning of flowering | 1.5 kg/ha |
| ◆ end of flowering / beginning of leaf development | 1.5 kg/ha |
| ◇ the fruit reaches about 30% of final size | 1.5 kg/ha |
|
PEACH – orchards without fertigation– fruiting orchard |
|
| ◆ beginning of flowering | 1.5 kg/ha |
| ◆ end of flowering / beginning of leaf development | 1.5 kg/ha |
| ◇ the fruit reaches about 30% of final size | 1.5 kg/ha |
| NECTARINE TREES – orchards without fertigation – fruiting orchard Application times (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): |
|
| ◆ beginning of flowering | 1.5 kg/ha |
| ◆ end of flowering / beginning of leaf development | 1.5 kg/ha |
| ◇ the fruit reaches about 30% of final size | 1.5 kg/ha |
|
PLUM TREE – orchards without fertigation – fruiting orchard |
|
| ◆ beginning of flowering | 1.5 kg/ha |
| ◆ end of flowering / beginning of leaf development | 1.5 kg/ha |
| ◇ the fruit reaches about 30% of final size | 1.5 kg/ha |
| CITRUS Application times (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): |
|
| ◆ “white bud” phase | 1.5 kg/ha |
| ◆ beginning of fruit development | 1.5 kg/ha |
| OLIVE GROVES – fruiting tree Application times (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): |
|
| ◆ beginning of flowering | 1.5 kg/ha |
| ◆ from the beginning of flowers fading – until the end of flowering | 1.5 kg/ha |
| ◆ fruit set | 1.5 kg/ha |
|
COFFEE – fruting plantation |
|
| ◆ inflorescence development | 1.5 kg/ha |
| ◆ beginning of flowering (BBCH 61–63) | 1.5 kg/ha |
| MANGO Application times (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): |
|
| ◆ bud development (BBCH 53–55) | 1.5 kg/ha |
| ◆ petals falling until end of flowering (BBCH 67–69) | 1.5 kg/ha |
| ◇ fruit development (BBCH 71–75) | 1.5 kg/ha |
| AVOCADO Application times (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): |
|
| ◆ bud development (BBCH 53–55) | 1.5 kg/ha |
| ◆ petals falling until end of flowering (BBCH 67–69) | 1.5 kg/ha |
| ◇ fruit development (BBCH 71–75) | 1.5 kg/ha |
| PAPAYA Application times (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): |
|
| ◇ leaf development (BBCH 14–19) | 1.5 kg/ha |
| ◇ beginning of stem growth (BBCH 31–33) | 1.5 kg/ha |
| ◆ bud development (BBCH 51–53) | 1.5 kg/ha |
| ◆ petals falling until end of flowering (BBCH 67–69) | 1.5 kg/ha |
| GOOSEBERRY Application times (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): |
|
| ◇ beginning of vegetation, during leaf and fruit development, 1–2 treatments every 14–21 days | 1.5 kg/ha |
|
RASPBERRY – plantations without fertigation – varieties fruiting in summer on two-year shoots |
|
| ◇ leaf and shoot development | 1.5 kg/ha |
| ◆ beginning of inflorescence emergence | 1.5 kg/ha |
| ◇ beginning of fruit development | 1.5 kg/ha |
| RASPBERRY – plantations without fertigation – varieties fruiting in autumn on one-year shoots Application times (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): |
|
| ◇ shoots reach about 1/2 of the final length | 1.5 kg/ha |
| ◆ beginning of the first inflorescence development | 1.5 kg/ha |
| ◆ beginning of the first fruit development | 1.5 kg/ha |
| CURRANT Application times (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): |
|
| ◇ leaf and shoot development (BBCH 15–39) | 1.5 kg/ha |
| ◆ buds closed until leaf tips above bud scales (BBCH 51–54) | 1.5 kg/ha |
| ◇ beginning of fruit development (BBCH 71–73) | 1.5 kg/ha |
| GRAPEVINE Application times (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): |
|
| ◆ inflorescence emergence | 1.5 kg/ha |
| ◆ end of flowering | 1.5 kg/ha |
| ◇ fruit development – until berries pea-sized | 1.5 kg/ha |
| STRAWBERRY – cultivation without fertigation – Summer-bearing varieties, fully fruiting plantations Application times (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): |
|
| ◆ balloon stage (forming of „hollow ball”) | 1.5 kg/ha |
| ◇ beginning of the first fruit development | 1.5 kg/ha |
|
STRAWBERRY – fertigated plantations – Summer-bearing varieties, planted in summer with green potted plantlets – Cultivation in soil. |
|
| ◇ leaf development and inflorescence emergence | 1–1.5 kg/ha |
| ◆ beginning of flowering | 1–1.5 kg/ha |
|
STRAWBERRY – fertigated plantations – Summer-bearing varieties, planted in spring with frigo plantlets – Cultivation in soil |
|
| ◇ beginning of inflorescence emergence | 1–1.5 kg/ha |
| ◆ beginning of flowering | 1–1.5 kg/ha |
| STRAWBERRY – fertigated plantations – Everbearing varieties, planted in spring with frigo plantlets. Cultivation in soil or in soilless substrates Application times (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): |
|
| ◆ leaf development | 1–1.5 kg/ha |
| ◆ further leaf development and beginning of the first inflorescence development | 1–1.5 kg/ha |
| ◆ beginning of flowering | 1–1.5 kg/ha |
| TOMATO Application times (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): |
|
| ◇ leaf development (BBCH 15–19) | 1–1.5 kg/ha |
| ◆ 1–3 inflorescences visible ( BBCH 51–53) | 1–1.5 kg/ha |
| ◆ first fruit has reached typical size on 1 cluster (BBCH 71) | 1–1.5 kg/ha |
| ◆ first fruit has reached typical size on 2–3 clusters (BBCH 72–73) | 1–1.5 kg/ha |
| PEPPER Application times (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): |
|
| ◇ leaf and side shoot development (BBCH 15–29) | 1–1.5 kg/ha |
| ◆ beginning of flowering ( BBCH 59–61) | 1–1.5 kg/ha |
| ◆ fruit development, 1–3 fruits have reached typical size and form (BBCH 71) | 1–1.5 kg/ha |
| ◆ fruit development, 4–7 fruits have reached typical size and form (BBCH 74–77) | 1–1.5 kg/ha |
| EGGPLANT Application times (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): |
|
| ◇ leaf and side shoot development (BBCH 15–29) | 1–1.5 kg/ha |
| ◆ beginning of flowering ( BBCH 59–61) | 1–1.5 kg/ha |
| ◆ fruit development, 1–3 fruits have reached typical size and form (BBCH 71) | 1–1.5 kg/ha |
| ◆ fruit development, 4–7 fruits have reached typical size and form (BBCH 74–77) | 1–1.5 kg/ha |
| CUCUMBER Application times (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): |
|
| ◇ leaf and side shoot development (BBCH 13–29) | 1–1.5 kg/ha |
| ◆ 1–2 flower initials with elongated ovary visible on the main stem (BBCH 51–52) | 1–1.5 kg/ha |
| ◇ 6–7 flower initials with elongated ovary visible on the main stem (BBCH 56–57) | 1–1.5 kg/ha |
| PUMPKIN Application times (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): |
|
| ◇ leaf and side shoot development (BBCH 13–29) | 1–1.5 kg/ha |
| ◆ 1–2 flower initials with elongated ovary visible on the main stem (BBCH 51–52) | 1–1.5 kg/ha |
| ◇ 6–7 flower initials with elongated ovary visible on the main stem (BBCH 56–57) | 1–1.5 kg/ha |
| CUCURBIT Application times (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): |
|
| ◇ leaf and side shoot development (BBCH 13–29) | 1–1.5 kg/ha |
| ◆ 1–2 flower initials with elongated ovary visible on the main stem (BBCH 51–52) | 1–1.5 kg/ha |
| ◇ 6–7 flower initials with elongated ovary visible on the main stem (BBCH 56–57) | 1–1.5 kg/ha |
| MELON Application times (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): |
|
| ◆ inflorescence emergence (BBCH 51–53) | 1–1.5 kg/ha |
| ◆ first fruit on the main stem has reached typical size and form (BBCH 71) | 1–1.5 kg/ha |
| ◇ third fruit on the main stem has reached typical size and form (BBCH 73) | 1–1.5 kg/ha |
| WATERMELON Application times (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): |
|
| ◆ inflorescence emergence (BBCH 51–53) | 1–1.5 kg/ha |
| ◆ first fruit on the main stem has reached typical size and form (BBCH 71) | 1–1.5 kg/ha |
| ◇ third fruit on the main stem has reached typical size and form (BBCH 73) | 1–1.5 kg/ha |
| BULB VEGETABLES Application times (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): |
|
| ◇ 3–5 clearly visible leaves (BBCH 13–15) | 1–1.5 kg/ha |
| ◇ harvestable plant parts begin to develop (BBCH 41–43) | 1–1.5 kg/ha |
| BROCCOLI Application times (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): |
|
| ◆ growth of leaves | 1–1.5 kg/ha |
| ◆ beginning of the flower head development | 1–1.5 kg/ha |
| CAULIFLOWER Application times (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): |
|
| ◆ growth of leaves | 1–1.5 kg/ha |
| ◆ beginning of the flower head development | 1–1.5 kg/ha |
| CABBAGE – GREEN/WHITE HEAD CABBAGE Application times (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): |
|
| ◆ growth of leaves | 1–1.5 kg/ha |
| ◆ beginning of the head formation | 1–1.5 kg/ha |
| ◆ head reaches approx. 50% of the typical size | 1–1.5 kg/ha |
| CABBAGE – RED HEAD CABBAGE Application times (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): |
|
| ◆ growth of leaves | 1–1.5 kg/ha |
| ◆ beginning of the head formation | 1–1.5 kg/ha |
| ◆ head reaches approx. 50% of the typical size | 1–1.5 kg/ha |
| CABBAGE – CHINESE CABBAGE Application times (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): |
|
| ◇ growth of leaves | 1–1.5 kg/ha |
| ◆ beginning of the head formation | 1–1.5 kg/ha |
| ◇ head reaches approx. 50% of the typical size | 1–1.5 kg/ha |
| CABBAGE – SAVOY CABBAGE Application times (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): |
|
| ◆ growth of leaves | 1–1.5 kg/ha |
| ◆ beginning of the head formation | 1–1.5 kg/ha |
| ◆ head reaches approx. 50% of the typical size | 1–1.5 kg/ha |
| BRUSSELS SPROUTS Application times (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): |
|
| ◆ growth of the main stem and leaves | 1–1.5 kg/ha |
| ◆ beginning of axillary bud (‘sprouts’) formation | 1–1.5 kg/ha |
| ◆ approx. 50% of ‘sprouts’ are formed | 1–1.5 kg/ha |
| KOHLRABI Application times (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): |
|
| ◆ growth of leaves | 1–1.5 kg/ha |
| ◆ beginning of the root thickening formation | 1–1.5 kg/ha |
| ◇ root thickening reaches approx. 50% of the typical size | 1–1.5 kg/ha |
| RADISH Application times (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): |
|
| ◆ growth of leaves | 1–1.5 kg/ha |
| ◇ beginning of the root thickening formation | 1–1.5 kg/ha |
| KALE Application times (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): |
|
| ◆ growth of the main stem and leaves | 1–1.5 kg/ha |
| ◆ intensive growth of leaf mass | 1–1.5 kg/ha |
| CARROT Application times (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): |
|
| ◆ 5 true leaves / root begins to expand until root reaches 30% of typical diameter (BBCH 15/41–43) | 1–1.5 kg/ha |
| ◇ root reaches 40–50% of typical diameter (BBCH 44–45) | 1–1.5 kg/ha |
| ◇ root reaches 60% of typical diameter (BBCH 46) | 1–1.5 kg/ha |
| PARSLEY Application times (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): |
|
| ◆ 5 true leaves / root begins to expand until root reaches 30% of typical diameter (BBCH 15/41–43) | 1–1.5 kg/ha |
| ◇ root reaches 40–50% of typical diameter (BBCH 44–45) | 1–1.5 kg/ha |
| ◇ root reaches 60% of typical diameter (BBCH 46) | 1–1.5 kg/ha |
| PARSNIP Application times (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): |
|
| ◆ root begins to expand until root reaches 20% of typical diameter (BBCH 41–42) | 1–1.5 kg/ha |
| ◇ root reaches 40–50% of typical diameter (BBCH 44–45) | 1–1.5 kg/ha |
| ◇ root reaches 60% of typical diameter (BBCH 46) | 1–1.5 kg/ha |
| CELERY Application times (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): |
|
| ◇ 9 true leaves / root begins to expand until root reaches 30% of typical diameter (BBCH 19/41–43) | 1–1.5 kg/ha |
| ◆ root reaches 40% of typical diameter (BBCH 44) | 1–1.5 kg/ha |
| ◇ root reaches 50–70% of typical diameter (BBCH 45–47) | 1–1.5 kg/ha |
| BEETROOT Application times (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): |
|
| ◆ storage root begins to develop, diameter above 2 cm (BBCH 41–43) | 1–1.5 kg/ha |
| ◇ root reaches 50% of typical diameter (BBCH 45) | 1–1.5 kg/ha |
