OPTYCAL®
OPTYCAL® is an innovative, water-soluble calcium activator for foliar application, improving the crop’s size, quality and storage properties. It ensures an optimal supply of calcium at low doses.
OPTYCAL® – BENEFITS
OPTYCAL® supplies plants with calcium in two ways:
- It stimulates the uptake of calcium from the soil and its transport to the youngest parts of the plant (the auxin-calcium
pump effect). - It directly and easily provides plants assimilable organic calcium through foliar treatment.
OPTYCAL® – mode of action
OPTYCAL® – COMPOSITION
| Nutrients | Content [g/kg] | Content [% by mass] |
| Calcium oxide (CaO) soluble in water | 350 | 35.0 |
| Boron (B) soluble in water | 1.0 | 0.10 |
| Copper (Cu) chelated by EDTA | 0.5 | 0.05 |
| Iron (Fe) chelated by EDTA | 1.5 | 0.15 |
| Manganese (Mn) chelated by EDTA | 0.7 | 0.07 |
| Molybdenum (Mo) soluble in water | 0.02 | 0.002 |
| Zinc (Zn) chelated EDTA | 2.0 | 0.200 |
| OPTYCAL® features INT Technology, which significantly improves the speed and effectiveness of uptake, distribution and absorption of nutrients and stimulating substances by plants. These effects are obtained due to properly developed organic components. | ||
OPTYCAL® – APLLICATION
OPTYCAL® is recommended in the cultivation of horticultural crops for foliar application.
* number of treatments should be adjusted to plant vigor and growing conditions
OPTYCAL® is intended for foliar application in the form of an aqueous solution. OPTYCAL® can be used together with other agrochemicals after conducting a miscibility test.
Miscibility tests results -> Mixing Table – Intermag
OPTYCAL® – RESEARCH RESULTS
OPTYCAL® – LEARN MORE
FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
OPTYCAL® stimulates the uptake of calcium from the soil and its transport to the youngest parts of plants, and also provides organic calcium in foliar treatments.
OPTYCAL® works in two ways: it stimulates the transport of calcium from the soil and supplies easily
assimilable calcium directly to the leaves.
Additional benefits of OPTYCAL® include that the product is free of nitrates and chlorides, which makes it safe for plants sensitive to excess nitrogen.
CROP GUIDES
| Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): | Direction for use: |
| ◇ Autumn: 3–6 leaves unfolded | Foliar treatments – single dose 1.5 kg/ha |
| ◇ Spring: tillering |
| Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): | Direction for use: |
| ◇ leaf development – tillering | Foliar treatments – single dose 1.5 kg/ha |
| Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): | Direction for use: |
| ◇ Autumn: 3–6 leaves unfolded | Foliar treatments – single dose 1.5 kg/ha |
| ◇ Spring: continuation of tillering |
| Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): | Direction for use: |
| ◇ leaf development – tillering | Foliar treatments – single dose 1.5 kg/ha |
| Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): | Direction for use: |
| ◇ Autumn: leaf development – until beginning of tillering | Foliar treatments – single dose 1.5 kg/ha |
| ◇ Spring: beginning of stem elongation |
| Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): | Direction for use: |
| ◇ leaf development – until beginning of stem elongation | Foliar treatments – single dose 1.5 kg/ha |
| Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): | Direction for use: |
| ◇ Autumn: leaf development – until beginning of tillering | Foliar treatments – single dose 1.5 kg/ha |
| ◇ Spring: beginning of stem elongation |
| Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): | Direction for use: |
| ◇ leaf development – until beginning of stem elongation | Foliar treatments – single dose 1.5 kg/ha |
| Application times for foliar treatments(◆ optimal, ◇ optional): | Direction for use: |
| ◇ tillering (BBCH 21–29) | Foliar treatments – single dose 1.5 kg/ha |
| ◆ beginning of stem elongation (BBCH 30–32) | |
| ◇ beginning of panicle emergence (BBCH 51–53) |
| Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): | Direction for use: |
| ◇ beginning of side shoots formation | Foliar treatments – single dose – 1.5 kg/ha |
| ◆ beginning of flower bud development | |
| ◆ beginning of flowering | |
| ◆ beginning of bolls development |
| Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): | Direction for use: |
| ◇ Autumn: 4–8 leaves unfolded | Foliar treatments – single dose 1.5 kg/ha |
| ◇ Spring: beginning of main stem elongation |
| Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): | Direction for use: |
| ◇ leaf development – until beginning of main stem elongation | Foliar treatments – single dose 1.5 kg/ha |
| Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): | Direction for use: |
| ◇ 2–3 pairs of leaves (BBCH 14–16) | Foliar treatments – single dose 1.5 kg/ha |
| ◆ stem elongation until inflorescence emergence (BBCH 30–53) |
| Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): | Direction for use: |
| ◇ 2 leaf pairs unfolded until flax reaches height of 18 cm (BBCH 12–19) | Foliar treatments – single dose 1.5 kg/ha |
| ◆ stem growth until bud formation (BBCH 30–55) |
| Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): | Direction for use: |
| ◇ leaf development – tillering | Foliar treatments – single dose 1.5 kg/ha |
| ◆ beginning of stem formation | |
| ◇ beginning of panicle emergence |
| Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): | Direction for use: |
| ◇ 2–6 leaves unfolded (4 leaves is the optimum stage for treatment) | Foliar treatments – single dose 1.5 kg/ha |
| ◇ 7–8 leaves unfolded |
| Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): | Direction for use: |
| ◇ beginning of leaf development | Foliar treatments – single dose 1.5 kg/ha |
| ◆ beginning of crop cover | |
| ◆ beginning of storage root development |
| Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): | Direction for use: |
| ◇ beginning of growth of shoots and leaves (plant height about 10 cm) | Foliar treatments – single dose 1.5 kg/ha |
| ◇ growth of shoots and leaves (plant height ˃15 cm) | |
| ◇ beginning of tuber formation |
| Application times foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): | Direction for use: |
| ◆ beginning of growth of shoots | Foliar treatments – single dose 1.5 kg/ha |
| ◇ beginning of flower bud development |
| Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): | Direction for use: |
| ◆ beginning of growth of shoots | Foliar treatments – single dose 1.5 kg/ha |
| ◇ beginning of flower bud development |
| Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): | Direction for use: |
| ◆ beginning of growth of shoots | Foliar treatments – single dose 1.5 kg/ha |
| ◇ beginning of flower bud development |
| Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): | Direction for use: |
| ◆ beginning of growth of shoots | Foliar treatments – single dose 1.5 kg/ha |
| ◇ beginning of flower bud development |
| Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): | Direction for use: |
| ◆ beginning of growth of shoots | Foliar treatments – single dose 1.5 kg/ha |
| ◇ beginning of flower bud development |
| Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): | Direction for use: |
| ◆ beginning of growth of shoots | Foliar treatments – single dose 1.5 kg/ha |
| ◇ beginning of flower bud development |
| Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): | Direction for use: |
| ◆ beginning of growth of shoots | Foliar treatments – single dose 1.5 kg/ha |
| ◇ beginning of flower bud development |
| Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): | Direction for use: |
| ◆ beginning of growth of shoots | Foliar treatments – single dose 1.5 kg/ha |
| ◇ beginning of flower bud development |
| Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): | Direction for use: |
| ◆ beginning of growth of shoots | Foliar treatments – single dose 1.5 kg/ha |
| ◇ beginning of flower bud development |
| Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): | Direction for use: |
| ◇ 4–6 leaves (BBCH 14–16) | Foliar treatments – single dose 1.5 kg/ha |
| ◆ leaf development until beginning of stem elongation (BBCH 19–31) |
| Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): | Direction for use: |
| ◇ 4–6 leaves (BBCH 14–16) | Foliar treatments – single dose 1.5 kg/ha |
| ◆ stem elongation (BBCH 31–33) | |
| ◇ stem elongation until beginning of tassel development (BBCH 35–51) |
| Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): | Direction for use: |
| ◆ beginning of flowering | Foliar treatments – single dose 1.5 kg/ha |
| ◆ end of flowering: majority of petals fallen | |
| ◇ beginning of fruit development | |
| ◇/◆ fruit reaches 30–50% of typical size The treatment should be considered as optimal when plants are grown on soils rich in calcium. |
| Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): | Direction for use: |
| ◆ beginning of flowering | Foliar treatments – single dose 1.5 kg/ha |
| ◆ end of flowering: majority of petals fallen |
| Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): | Direction for use: |
| ◆ beginning of flowering | Foliar treatments – single dose 1.5 kg/ha |
| ◆ end of flowering: majority of petals fallen | |
| ◇ beginning of fruit development | |
| ◇/◆ fruit reaches 30–50% of typical size The treatment should be considered as optimal when plants are grown on soils rich in calcium. |
| Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): | Direction for use: |
| ◆ end of flowering: majority of petals fallen | Foliar treatments – single dose 1.5 kg/ha |
| Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): | Direction for use: |
| ◆ beginning of flowering | Foliar treatments – single dose 1.5 kg/ha |
| ◆ end of flowering / beginning of leaf development | |
| ◇ the fruit reaches about half of final size |
| Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): | Direction for use: |
| ◆ beginning of flowering | Foliar treatments – single dose 1.5 kg/ha |
| ◆ end of flowering / beginning of leaf development |
| Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): | Direction for use: |
| ◆ beginning of flowering | Foliar treatments – single dose 1.5 kg/ha |
| ◆ end of flowering / beginning of leaf development | |
| ◇ the fruit reaches about half of final size |
| Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): | Direction for use: |
| ◆ beginning of flowering | Foliar treatments – single dose 1.5 kg/ha |
| ◆ end of flowering / beginning of leaf development |
| Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): | Direction for use: |
| ◆ beginning of flowering | Foliar treatments – single dose 1.5 kg/ha |
| ◆ end of flowering / beginning of leaf development | |
| ◆ the fruit reaches about 30% of final size |
| Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): | Direction for use: |
| ◆ beginning of flowering | Foliar treatments – single dose 1.5 kg/ha |
| ◆ end of flowering / beginning of leaf development | |
| ◆ the fruit reaches about 30% of final size |
| Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): | Direction for use: |
| ◆ beginning of flowering | Foliar treatments – single dose 1.5 kg/ha |
| ◆ end of flowering / beginning of leaf development | |
| ◆ the fruit reaches about 30% of final size |
| Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): | Direction for use: |
| ◆ beginning of flowering | Foliar treatments – single dose 1.5 kg/ha |
| ◆ end of flowering / beginning of leaf development | |
| ◆ the fruit reaches about 30% of final size |
| Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): | Direction for use: |
| ◆ “white bud” phase | Foliar treatments – single dose 1.5 kg/ha |
| ◆ beginning of fruit development |
| Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): | Direction for use: |
| ◆ beginning of flowering | Foliar treatments – single dose 1.5 kg/ha |
| ◆ from the beginning of flowers fading – until the end of flowering | |
| ◆ fruit set |
Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional):Direction for use:
| ◆ inflorescence development | Foliar treatments – single dose 1.5 kg/ha |
| ◆ beginning of flowering (BBCH 61–63) |
| Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): | Direction for use: |
| ◆ bud development (BBCH 53–55) | Foliar treatments – single dose 1.5 kg/ha |
| ◆ petals falling until end of flowering (BBCH 67–69) | |
| ◇ fruit development (BBCH 71–75) |
| Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): | Direction for use: |
| ◆ bud development (BBCH 53–55) | Foliar treatments – single dose 1.5 kg/ha |
| ◆ petals falling until end of flowering (BBCH 67–69) | |
| ◇ fruit development (BBCH 71–75) |
| Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): | Direction for use: |
| ◇ leaf development (BBCH 14–19) | Foliar treatments – sinlge dose 1.5 kg/ha |
| ◇ beginning of stem growth (BBCH 31–33) | |
| ◆ bud development (BBCH 51–53) | |
| ◆ petals falling until end of flowering (BBCH 67–69) |
| Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): | Direction for use: |
| ◆ leaf development – until beginning of inflorescence emergence | Foliar treatments – single dose 1.5 kg/ha |
| ◆ beginning of fruit development |
| Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): | Direction for use: |
| ◇ leaf and shoot growth | Foliar treatments – single dose 1.5 kg/ha |
| ◆ beginning of the first inflorescence emergence | |
| ◆ beginning of the first fruit development |
| Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): | Direction for use: |
| ◇ leaf and shoot growth | Foliar treatments – single dose 1.5 kg/ha |
| ◆ beginning of the inflorescence emergence | |
| ◆ beginning of the first fruit development |
| Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): | Direction for use: |
| ◇ leaf and shoot development | Foliar treatments – single dose 1.5 kg/ha. |
| ◆ beginning of inflorescence emergence | |
| ◆ beginning of fruit development |
| Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): | Direction for use: |
| ◆ inflorescence emergence | Foliar treatments – single dose 1.5 kg/ha |
| ◆ end of flowering | |
| ◇ fruit development – until berries pea-sized |
| Application times foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): | Direction for use: |
| ◆ balloon stage (forming of „hollow ball”) | Foliar treatments – single dose 1.5 kg/ha |
| ◇ beginning of the first fruit development |
| Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): | Direction for use: |
| ◇ leaf development and inflorescence emergence | Foliar treatments – single dose 1.5 kg/ha |
| ◆ beginning of flowering |
| Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): | Direction for use: |
| ◇ beginning of inflorescence emergence | Foliar treatments – single dose 1.5 kg/ha |
| ◆ beginning of flowering |
| Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): | Direction for use: |
| ◆ leaf development | Foliar treatments – single dose 1.5 kg/ha |
| ◆ further leaf development and beginning of the first inflorescence development | |
| ◆ beginning of flowering |
| Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): | Direction for use: |
| ◇ after seedling adaptation to the field conditions – intensive plant growth | Foliar treatments – single dose 1–1.5 kg/ha. |
| ◆ beginning of inflorescence emergence | |
| ◆ beginning of flowering | |
| ◆ fruit development | |
| ◇ full yielding |
| Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): | Direction for use: |
| ◇ after seedling adaptation to the field conditions – intensive plant growth | Foliar treatments – single dose 1–1.5 kg/ha. |
| ◆ the inflorescence emergence – beginning of flowering | |
| ◆ fruit development |
| Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): | Direction for use: |
| ◇ after seedling adaptation to the field conditions – intensive plant growth | Foliar treatments – single dose 1–1.5 kg/ha. |
| ◆ the inflorescence emergence – beginning of flowering | |
| ◆ beginning of fruit development |
| Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): | Direction for use: |
| ◇ after seedling adaptation to the field conditions – intensive plant growth | Foliar treatments – single dose 1–1.5 kg/ha. |
| ◆ the first flower bud emergence | |
| ◆ beginning of flowering | |
| ◆ beginning of fruit development | |
| ◇ after the following harvest |
| Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): | Direction for use: |
| ◇ after seedling adaptation to the field conditions – intensive plant growth | Foliar treatments – single dose 1–1.5 kg/ha. |
| ◆ the first flower bud emergence | |
| ◇ beginning of flowering | |
| ◇ beginning of fruit development | |
| ◇ after the following harvest |
| Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): | Direction for use: |
| ◇ 3–6 leaves unfolded | Foliar treatments – single dose 1–1.5 kg/ha |
| ◆ intensive plant growth | |
| ◇ beginning of flowering |
| Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): | Direction for use: |
| ◇ 3–6 leaves unfolded | Foliar treatments – single dose 1–1.5 kg/ha |
| ◆ intensive plant growth | |
| ◇ beginning of flowering |
| Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): | Direction for use: |
| ◇ 3–6 leaves unfolded | Foliar treatments – single dose 1–1.5 kg/ha |
| ◆ intensive plant growth | |
| ◇ beginning of flowering |
| Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): | Direction for use: |
| ◇ 3–6 leaves unfolded | Foliar treatments – single dose 1–1.5 kg/ha |
| ◆ intensive plant growth | |
| ◇ beginning of flowering |
| Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): | Direction for use: |
| ◇ 3–6 leaves unfolded | Foliar treatments – single dose 1–1.5 kg/ha |
| ◆ intensive plant growth | |
| ◇ beginning of flowering |
| Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): | Direction for use: |
| ◇ 3–6 leaves unfolded | Foliar treatments – single dose 1–1.5 kg/ha |
| ◆ intensive plant growth | |
| ◇ beginning of flowering |
| Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): | Direction for use: |
| ◇ 3rd–5th leaf clearly visible | Foliar treatments – single dose 1–1.5 kg/ha |
| ◇ beginning of onion bulb formation |
| Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): | Direction for use: |
| ◇ growth of leaves | Foliar treatments – single dose 1–1.5 kg/ha |
| ◇ beginning of onion bulb formation |
| Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): | Direction for use: |
| ◇ 3rd–5th leaf clearly visible | Foliar treatments – single dose 1–1.5 kg/ha |
| Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): | Direction for use: |
| ◇ growth of leaves – until beginning of onion bulb formation | Foliar treatments – single dose 1–1.5 kg/ha |
| Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): | Direction for use: |
| ◇ 3rd–5th leaf clearly visible | Foliar treatments – single dose 1–1.5 kg/ha |
| ◇ beginning of garlic bulb formation |
| Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): | Direction for use: |
| ◇ beginning of growth of plants | Foliar treatments – single dose 1–1.5 kg/ha |
| Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): | Direction for use: |
| ◆ growth of leaves | Foliar treatments – single dose 1-1.5 kg/ha |
| ◆ beginning of the flower head development |
| Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): | Direction for use: |
| ◆ growth of leaves | Foliar treatments – single dose: 1–1.5 kg/ha |
| ◆ beginning of the flower head development |
| Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): | Direction for use: |
| ◆ growth of leaves | Foliar treatments – single dose 1–1.5 kg/ha |
| ◆ beginning of the head formation | |
| ◆ head reaches approx. 50% of the typical size |
| Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): | Direction for use: |
| ◆ growth of leaves | Foliar treatments – single dose 1–1.5 kg/ha |
| ◆ beginning of the head formation | |
| ◆ head reaches approx. 50% of the typical size |
| Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): | Direction for use: |
| ◆ growth of leaves | Foliar treatments – single dose 1–1.5 kg/ha |
| ◆ beginning of the head formation | |
| ◆ head reaches approx. 50% of the typical size |
| Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): | Direction for use: |
| ◆ growth of leaves | Foliar treatments – single dose 1–1.5 kg/ha |
| ◆ beginning of the head formation | |
| ◆ head reaches approx. 50% of the typical size |
| Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): | Direction for use: |
| ◆ growth of the main stem and leaves | Foliar treatments – single dose 1-1.5 kg/ha |
| ◆ beginning of axillary bud (‘sprouts’) formation | |
| ◆ approx. 50% of ‘sprouts’ are formed |
| Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): | Direction for use: |
| ◆ growth of leaves | Foliar treatments – single dose 1-1.5 kg/ha |
| ◆ beginning of the root thickening formation | |
| ◇ root thickening reaches approx. 50% of the typical size |
| Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): | Direction for use: |
| ◆ growth of leaves | Foliar treatments – single dose 1-1.5 kg/ha |
| ◇ beginning of the root thickening formation |
| Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): | Direction for use: |
| ◆ growth of the main stem and leaves | Foliar treatments – single dose 1-1.5 kg/ha |
| ◆ intensive growth of leaf mass |
| Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): | Direction for use: |
| ◆ beginning of storage root formation | Foliar treatments – single dose 1-1.5 kg/ha |
| ◇ the storage root reaches about 50% of its typical size |
| Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): | Direction for use: |
| ◆ beginning of storage root formation | Foliar treatments – single dose 1-1.5 kg/ha |
| ◇ the storage root reaches about 50% of its typical size |
| Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): | Direction for use: |
| ◆ beginning of storage root formation | Foliar treatments – single dose 1-1.5 kg/ha |
| ◇ the storage root reaches about 50% of its typical size |
| Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): | Direction for use: |
| ◇ 9 true leaves / root begins to expand until root reaches 30% of typical diameter (BBCH 19/41–43) | Foliar treatments – single dose 1-1.5/kg/ha |
| ◆ root reaches 40% of typical diameter (BBCH 44) | |
| ◇ root reaches 50–70% of typical diameter (BBCH 45–47) |
| Application times (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): | Direction for use: |
| ◆ storage root begins to develop, diameter above 2 cm (BBCH 41–43) | Foliar treatments – single dose 1–1.5 kg/ha |
| ◇ root reaches 50% of typical diameter (BBCH 45) |
